The Ancient Turkish States
It ıs a known fact that the Turks lived in Dzungaria to the north of East Turkestan in 2000 B.C. Unfortunately, there is no accurate emperors of this era, the only limited sources being the historical documents of China. In these documents there are four Turkish emperors named between the VIII and VII centuries B.C. Çun-Goey in 1766 B.C., Ta-Pi in 1122 B.C., Pe-Çi in 1116 B.C. and Kiu-Kue in 627 B.C.
During the period up until 1500 A.D., the Turkish States carried the name of the Turkish tribe which dominated the dynasty.For example: the Huns, Avars,Kirghiz, Karluks and the Oghuz. During the mid-1500’s A.D., Kök Türks began to rule all the Turkish tribes, thus creating a tendency to call people speaking Turkish ,, Turks. The Chinese also adopted this name and the neighbouring people called the Turks, “Tu-Kiu”.
In tıme, and due to various reasons, the Turks began to leave their homeland and came to Iran, Caucasia,Anatolia,Eastern Europa and the Balkans.
Distribution of Turks in the World
The Turks, in various periods, ruled in Asia, Eastern Europa and the northern and eastern coasts of africa. Besides the Republic of Turkey, today nearly eighty_five million people speak Turkish in an area extending from Macedonia in the weat to China in the east.
Tha main countries and territories, besides the Republic of Turkey, where people speak Turkish are: Western Thrace,
North Macedonia, Dobruca, Deliorman, Cyprus, Kirkuk, Erbil, Azerbaijan, Hamadan, Daghestan, North Caucasia, Orenburg, Astrakhan, Chuvashestan, Tatarestan, Bashkirdestan, Turkestan, Yakutdestan, and certain sections of Altai…
The Great Hun Empire
The ancestors of the Huns were Kimmers and Sakas. The Great Hun Empire was founded by Teoman Yabgu who united various Turkish tribes of his period. Unfortunately, there is no accurate and detailed information available about the history of the Turks before Teoman Yabgu. The Chinese called Teoman Yabgu’s state which was founded in 220 B.C., “Hiyung-nu”
After Teoamn Yabgu’s death, his son, Mete succeeded him. He reigned until 174 B.C. During his reign, the turks invaded China and occupied an area eztending up to the great Ocean and the northern, coast of the Caspian Sea and the region that lies between Siberia and the Himalayas. Mete, who is known as Oghuz Khan in Turkish legends, occopied certain regions of Northern China, thereby extending the territory of his empire to 18 million square kilometres.
This great empire, as a result of the political ploys of the Chinese, was divided into two: South-Eastern Huns Empires. Losign their powe r entirly, the Northern Huns dispersed in93 A.D. The Siyempis grabbed sovereşgnty in the Southern Empire in 216 A.D. In the end, the Huns migrated to Europe. The Siyempi Tapa dynasty which dethroned the Turkish Khan, Hu-Çu-Tsiuen, resumedits sovereignty until 394 A.D. Hu-Çu-Tsiuen was the 38th Turkish Khan.
Huns of Europe
A section of the Huns who were forced to migrate to the West formed a state on the banks of the Volga under the administration of Balamir. This state which was founded in 374 A.D., called Volga Hun , was not longlasting. Most of the Huns, headed by Muncuh, crossed the Danube and settled in Hungaria in 375 A.D. These Huns, during the reign of the Muncuh’s son, Atilla, occupied about 75 cities between 447-448 A.D and reached Istanbul. But he was met by Pope Leon III and the Roman Consuls on his way and in 452 A.D he signed an agreement with them and returned. His elder son, Dengizlik, tried to unite the Hun tribes again but could not complete his task before he was killed in 496 A.D. |
part of Turkestan. The Akhun State was founded by Akhuşunvar in 420 A.D. It became an empire during teh reign of Toraman, who conquered the north of India 496 A.D. The territory ot this empire extended over 3,5 million squre kilometres but was utterly destroyed by the Kök Turks in 567 A.D.
A.D; they also adopted the double-empire system. During the reign of Sirba Khan (630-646 A.D.), the Eastern Empire came under rule of the Chinese and in 647 A.D. was totally annexed te the Chinese Empire. The west Kök Türk Empire retained its power and experienced a golden age during the reign of Ilteriş Khan who had assumed power in 682 A.D. During the period of the 26th Turkish Khan, Beymen (744-745 A.D.), the Uigurs became dominant in the Empire.
passed onn to the Kök Türks. They were weakened by the unsuccessful siege and were defeated by Charlemagne (768-814 A.D.), and his son,Repin. They disintegrated in the face of the powerful attacaks of the Bulgarian Tuks and resettled in Eastern Hungary and the Balkans where they lost their native language, became Christian, and were assimilated. 
who survived until the Xıth century as a small principality were completely assimilated by suchnewcomers as Oghuz, Kipchak and Pechenek Turks.
Khan (759-780 A.D. ), they adopted Manivhaeism instead of Shamanism. 
